時(shí)間：2015-06-28 00:00:00 來(lái)源：IT貓撲網(wǎng) 作者：網(wǎng)管聯(lián)盟 我要評(píng)論(0)
對(duì)于linux新手來(lái)說(shuō)，最感到迷惑的問(wèn)題之一就是文件都存在哪里呢？特別是對(duì)于那些從windows轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)的新手來(lái)說(shuō)，linux的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)看起來(lái)有些奇怪哦。所以，在這里講一下linux下的主要目錄以及它們都是用來(lái)干什么的。
/
This is the root directory. The mothership. The home field. The one and only top directory for your whole computer. Everything, and I mean EVERYTHING starts here. When you type ‘/home’ what you’re really saying is "start at / and then go to the home directory."
/
這就是根目錄。對(duì)你的電腦來(lái)說(shuō)，有且只有一個(gè)根目錄。所有的東西，我是說(shuō)所有的東西都是從這里開(kāi)始。舉個(gè)例子：當(dāng)你在終端里輸入"/home"，你其實(shí)是在告訴電腦，先從/（根目錄）開(kāi)始，再進(jìn)入到home目錄。
/root
This is where the root user lives. The root user is the god of your system. Root can do anything, up to and including removing your entire filesystem. So be careful using root.
/root
這是系統(tǒng)管理員（root user）的目錄。對(duì)于系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，系統(tǒng)管理員就好比是上帝，它能對(duì)系統(tǒng)做任何事情，甚至包括刪除你的文件。因此，請(qǐng)小心使用root帳號(hào)。
/bin
Here’s where your standard linux utilities(read programs) live — things like "ls" and "vi" and "more". Generally this directory is included in your path. What this means is that if you type ‘ls’, /bin is one of the places your shell will look to see if ‘ls’ means anything.
/bin
這里存放了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的（或者說(shuō)是缺省的）linux的工具，比如像"ls"、"vi"還有"more"等等。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)目錄已經(jīng)包含在你的"path"系統(tǒng)變量里面了。什么意思呢？就是：當(dāng)你在終端里輸入ls，系統(tǒng)就會(huì)去/bin目錄下面查找是不是有l(wèi)s這個(gè)程序。
/etc
Here’s where the administrative and system configuration stuff lives. For instance, if you have samba installed, and you want to modify the samba configuration files, you’d find them in /etc/samba.
/etc
這里主要存放了系統(tǒng)配置方面的文件。舉個(gè)例子：你安裝了samba這個(gè)套件，當(dāng)你想要修改samba配置文件的時(shí)候，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們（配置文件）就在/etc/samba目錄下。
/dev
Here’s where files that control peripherals live. Talking to a printer? Your computer is doing it from here. Same goes for disk drives, usb devices, and other such stuff.
/dev
這里主要存放與設(shè)備（包括外設(shè)）有關(guān)的文件（unix和linux系統(tǒng)均把設(shè)備當(dāng)成文件）。想連線打印機(jī)嗎？系統(tǒng)就是從這個(gè)目錄開(kāi)始工作的。另外還有一些包括磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)、USB驅(qū)動(dòng)等都放在這個(gè)目錄。
/home
Here’s where your data is stored. Config files specific to users, your Desktop folder(whick makes your desktop what it is), and any data related to your user. Each user will have their own /home/username folder, with the exception of the root user.
/home
這里主要存放你的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)。具體每個(gè)用戶的設(shè)置文件，用戶的桌面文件夾，還有用戶的數(shù)據(jù)都放在這里。每個(gè)用戶都有自己的用戶目錄，位置為：/home/用戶名。當(dāng)然，root用戶除外。
/tmp
This is the Temporary folder. Think of it as a scratch directory for your Linux system. Files that won’t be needed by programs once their used once or twice are put here. Many Linux systems are set to automatically wipe the /tmp folder at certain intervals, so don’t put things you want to keep here.
/tmp
這是臨時(shí)目錄。對(duì)于某些程序來(lái)說(shuō)，有些文件被用了一次兩次之后，就不會(huì)再被用到，像這樣的文件就放在這里。有些linux系統(tǒng)會(huì)定期自動(dòng)對(duì)這個(gè)目錄進(jìn)行清理，因此，千萬(wàn)不要把重要的數(shù)據(jù)放在這里。
/usr
Here’s where you’ll find extra utilities that don’t fit under /bin or /etc. Things like games, printer utilities, and whatnot. /usr is divided into sections like /usr/bin for programs, /usr/share for shared data like sound files or icons, /usr/lib for libraries whick cannot be directly run but are essential for running other programs.Your package manager takes care of the things in /usr for you.
/usr
在這個(gè)目錄下，你可以找到那些不適合放在/bin或/etc目錄下的額外的工具。比如像游戲阿，一些打印工具拉等等。/usr目錄包含了許多子目錄：/usr/bin目錄用于存放程序；/usr/share用于存放一些共享的數(shù)據(jù)，比如音樂(lè)文件或者圖標(biāo)等等；/usr/lib目錄用于存放那些不能直接運(yùn)行的，但卻是許多程序運(yùn)行所必需的一些函數(shù)庫(kù)文件。你的軟件包管理器（應(yīng)該是"新立得"吧）會(huì)自動(dòng)幫你管理好/usr目錄的。
/opt
Here’s where optional stuff is put. Trying out the latest Firefox beta? Install it to /opt where you can delete it without affecting other settings. Programs in here usually live inside a single folder whick contains all of their data, libraries, etc.
/opt
這里主要存放那些可選的程序。你想嘗試最新的firefox測(cè)試版嗎？那就裝到/opt目錄下吧，這樣，當(dāng)你嘗試完，想刪掉firefox的時(shí)候，你就可以直接刪除它，而不影響系統(tǒng)其他任何設(shè)置。安裝到/opt目錄下的程序，它所有的數(shù)據(jù)、庫(kù)文件等等都是放在同個(gè)目錄下面。
舉個(gè)例子：剛才裝的測(cè)試版firefox，就可以裝到/opt/firefox_beta目錄下，/opt/firefox_beta目錄下面就包含了運(yùn)行firefox所需要的所有文件、庫(kù)、數(shù)據(jù)等等。要?jiǎng)h除firefox的時(shí)候，你只需刪除/opt/firefox_beta目錄即可，非常簡(jiǎn)單。
/usr/local
This is where most manually installed(ie. outside of your package manager) software goes. It has the same structure as /usr. It is a good idea to leave /usr to your package manager and put any custom scripts and things into /usr/local, since nothing important normally lives in /usr/local.
/usr/local
這里主要存放那些手動(dòng)安裝的軟件，即不是通過(guò)"新立得"或apt-get安裝的軟件。它和/usr目錄具有相類似的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)。讓軟件包管理器來(lái)管理/usr目錄，而把自定義的腳本（scripts）放到/usr/local目錄下面，我想這應(yīng)該是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。
/media
Some distros use this folder to mount things like usb disks, cd or dvd drives and other filesystems.
/media
有些linux的發(fā)行版使用這個(gè)目錄來(lái)掛載那些usb接口的移動(dòng)硬盤（包括U盤）、CD/DVD驅(qū)動(dòng)器等等。
關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)簽：Linux系統(tǒng)
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